Suchergebnisse

This review article proposes a general route regarding to the presence of the theoretical constructs from the psychological knowledge in the design of various devices by which the State intervenes social life of individuals. The role of evidence that is assigned to psychological knowledge in the contemporary scene of an advanced liberal or neoliberal policy is characterized. The connection between psychology and neoliberal governmentality is exemplified by analyzing the design of social policies for children in Chile, and particularly, about the establishment of attachment theory as a theoretical framework proposed by experts to design a comprehensive protection system for children. ; Este artículo de revisión propone una mirada al recorrido general de las construcciones teóricas provenientes del saber psicológico en el diseño de los distintos artefactos mediante los cuales el Estado interviene la vida social de los individuos. Se caracteriza, el papel de evidencia que se le asigna al saber psicológico, en el escenario contemporáneo de una política neoliberal o liberal avanzada. Se ejemplifica esta relación entre psicología y gubernamentalidad neoliberal a través del análisis del diseño de las políticas sociales de infancia en Chile, y en particular, en la instalación de la teoría del apego como propuesta de los expertos para el diseño de un sistema de protección integral para la infancia.

A fines de 1989 el cuadro político latinoamericano habrá sufrido grandes reacomodos. Estos recambios marcan una nueva y cualitativa etapa para la región, visualizándose en lo político un viraje hacia la derecha y un realineamiento a los proyectos de reestructuración económica, apertura externa y ajustes estabilizadores ortodoxos. Sin embargo, lo novedoso de la situación actual es que dichos procesos de reestructuración "ortodoxos" están siendo asumidos en forma generalizada por los nuevos gobiernos de la región, presentándolos como la única vía posible para salir de la crisis.

This work falls within new studies on childhood from a micro-historical perspective, addressing a subject that has been set aside from traditional historiography: children. It seeks to identify the children's imaginary built through the press (Diario La Tercera) during the military dictatorship, distinguishing the purposes for which the concepts related to childhood were used by the regime. A corpus of news articles (432) was used to analyze emerging discourses on chilhood. Six topics were identified and may be proposed as six dimensions to distinguish childhood. It is noted that childhood fulfills various roles as a topic of press over the dictatorship years, showing the subjective transformations of a period. ; Este trabajo se enmarca en los denominados "nuevos estudios de la infancia". Desde una perspectiva microhistórica se aborda un sujeto hasta ahora relegado de la historiografía tradicional: los niños y niñas. Se busca identificar el imaginariodelos niños construido a través de la prensa (Diario La Tercera) durante la Dictadura Militar, distinguiendo los fines con los que los conceptos relacionados con la infancia fueron utilizados por el régimen.Se construyó un corpus de textos compuesto por unidades de información publicadas por este medio donde estuviera presente la infancia, desde 1973 a 1989, y se analizaron desde la perspectiva del análisis crítico de discurso (Van Dijk, 2000). Se identificaron seis tópicos que pueden ser propuestos como seis dimensiones para distinguir la infancia. Se observacomo dicha categoría cumple diversos roles como tópico de prensa durante estos años, evidenciando las transformaciones subjetivas de un periodo.

Human α-defensin 6 (HD6) is a unique peptide of the defensin family that provides innate immunity in the intestine by self-assembling to form higher-order oligomers that entrap bacteria and prevent host cell invasion. Here, we report critical steps in the self-assembly pathway of HD6. We demonstrate that HD6 is localized in secretory granules of small intestinal Paneth cells. HD6 is stored in these granules as an 81-residue propeptide (proHD6), and is recovered from ileal lumen as a 32-residue mature peptide. The propeptide neither forms higher-order oligomers, nor agglutinates bacteria, nor prevents Listeria monocytogenes invasion into epithelial cells. The Paneth cell granules also contain the protease trypsin, and trypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis of proHD6 liberates mature HD6, unmasking its latent activities. This work illustrates a remarkable example of how nature utilizes a propeptide strategy to spatially and temporally control peptide self-assembly, and thereby initiates innate immune function in the human intestine. ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Office of the Director, (NIH Grant 1DP2OD007045) ; Thailand (Royal Thai Government Fellowship) ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH Grant T32AI060555) ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (grant AI032738) ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (grant AI099519)

AbstractEstablishing a few community‐based plant clinics in Nicaragua led to a series of innovations in plant health service delivery. A grassroots experiment became a nationwide initiative involving local service providers, universities, research institutions and diagnostic laboratories. This led to the creation of a 'National Plant Health System' offering regular advice to farmers. The innovations were driven by a momentum for change, committed individuals, joint learning and flexibility in programme management. External facilitation encouraged experimentation and bolstered growth of new alliances. The development of the national plant health system was constrained by existing work cultures that limit the scope of individual and institutional innovations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.